An in silico study on the anti-diabetic potential of some compounds from the genus Cordyceps

Abstract

Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory potential of nine representative compounds, belonging to the nucleoside, flavonoid, and steroid classes from Cordyceps species, against two protein targets: α-amylase (PDB ID: 4W93) and α-glucosidase (PDB ID: 3W37) using an in-silico approach. Molecular docking simulations identified sites 1 and 2 as the optimal sites for ligand interaction with the two respective proteins. The docking’s results were validated, with RMSD values for all complexes less than 2.0 Å and compound C3 was identified as the most potent inhibitor for protein 4W93, while C2 was the most effective against protein 3W37. According to Lipinski's rule of five indicated that all compounds (C1-C9) exhibit favorable "drug-likeness" characteristics and the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of these compounds were further evaluated via ADMET parameter predictions. The complexes, C3-4W93 and C2-3W37, were selected for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which demonstrated that both complexes are structurally stable throughout the simulation; of these, the C3 ligand was observed to form the most favorable and persistent interactions with the 4W93 protein.