Abstract
Abstract: This study investigates whether contagion or flight-to-quality occurred in Vietnam’s financial markets during the US subprime crisis in 2007. We apply the asymmetric dynamic conditional correlation model (ADCC-GARCH (1,1)) to daily stock-index and bond index returns of Vietnam’s and US stock markets. We test for contagion or flight-to-quality by using a test for difference in dynamic conditional correlation means. The results show a contagion between the US and Vietnam’s stock markets, confirming the widespread influence of the US stock market on a young market like Vietnam. This result suggests a low benefit from diversification for investors holding portfolios containing assets in Vietnam’s stock market and US stock market during the crisis. Moreover, the relationship between Vietnam’s stock and bond markets represents a flight-to-quality during the US subprime crisis. This finding shows that the investors tend to hold less risky assets, i.e., bonds, instead of stocks during this turbulent period in Vietnam.
Keywords: international financial contagion, flight-to-quality, Vietnam, US subprime crisis, ADCC-GARCH
References
- . Altman Pablo., E. I. A. (2002), Defaults & Returns on high yield bonds: Analysis through 2001, Journal of Applied Finance, 12, 98–112.
- Andersen, Bollerslev T. Diebold F. X. & Vega C., T. G. (2007), Real-time price discovery in global stock, bond and foreign exchange markets, Journal of International Economics, 73(2), 251–277.
- Andersson, Krylova E. & Vähämaa S., M. (2008), Why does the correlation between stock and bond returns vary over time?, Applied Financial Economics, 18(2), 139–151.
- Baur, D. & Lucey B. M. (2006), Flight-to-quality or Contagion? An Empirical Analysis of Stock-bond correlations, Institute for International Integration Studies Discussion Paper, 122.
- Bollerslev, T., Chou, R. Y. & Kroner, K. F (1992), ARCH modeling in finance: A review of the theory and empirical evidence, Journal of Econometrics, 52, 5–59.
- Boyd, Hu J., Hu, J. & Jagannathan R. (2005), The stock market’s reaction to unemployment news: Why bad news is usually good for stocks, The Journal of Finance, 60(2), 649–672.
- Brière, M., Chapelle A. & Szafarz A. (2012), No contagion, only globalization and flight-to-quality, Journal of International Money and Finance, 31(6), 1729–1744.
- Calvo, S. G. & Reinhart C. M. (1996), Capital flows to Latin America: is there evidence of contagion effects?, MPRA Paper, 7124.
- Chiang, C.T., Leon, C. & Huimin, L. (2007), Dynamic correlation analysis of financial con- tagion: Evidence from Asian markets, Journal of International Money and Finance, 26(7), 1206–1228.
- Connolly, R. A., Stivers C. & Sun L. (2005), Stock market uncertainty and the stock-bond return relation, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 40(1), 161–194.
- Connolly, R. A., Stivers C. & Sun L. (2007), Commonality in the time-variation of stock-stock and stock-bond return comovements, Journal of Financial Markets, 10(2), 192–218.
- D’Addona, S. & Kind, A. H. (2006), International stock-bond correlations in a simple affine asset pricing model, Journal of Banking & Finance, 30(10), 2747–2765.
- Edwards, S. (1998), Interest rate volatility, capital controls, and contagion, National bureau of economic research.
- Engle, R. F. (2002), Dynamic conditional correlation: A simple class of multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 20, 339–350.
- Engle, R. F. & Sheppard, K. (2001), Theoretical and empirical properties of dynamic condi- tional correlation multivariate GARCH, NBER Working Paper, 8554.
- Forbes, K.J. & Rigobon, R. (2002), No contagion, only interdependence: Measuring stock market comovements, Journal of Finance, 57(5), 2223–2261.
- Glosten, R., Jagannathan, L. & Runkle, D. (1992), On the Relation Between the Expected Value and Volatility of Nominal Excess Returns on Stocks, Journal of Finance, 46, 1779–1801.
- Guler, B. & Ozlale U. (2005), Is there a flight-to-quality due to inflation uncertainty? Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 345(3), 603–607.
- Hamao, Y., Masulis, R. W. & Ng, V. (1990), Correlations in price changes and volatility across international stock markets, The Review of Financial Studies, 3(2), 281–307.
- Hartmann, P., Straetmans, S. & De Vries, C. G. (2004), Asset market linkages in crisis periods, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 86(1), 313–326.
- Horta, P., Mendes, C. & Vieira, I. (2008), Contagion effects of the U.S. subprime crisis on developed countries, CEFAGE-UE Working Paper, 8, University of Evora.
- Ilmanen, A. (2003), Stock-bond correlations, The Journal of Fixed Income, 13(2), 55–66.
- Jensen, & Mercer J. M., G. R. (2003), New evidence on optimal asset allocation, Financial Review, 38(3), 435–454.
- Keim, D. B. & Stambaugh, R. F. (1986), Predicting returns in the stock and bond markets, Journal of Financial Economics, 17(2), 357–390.
- Kim, S. J, Moshirian, F. & Wu, E. (2006), Evolution of international stock and bond market integration: Influence of the European Monetary Union, Journal of Banking & Finance, 30(5), 1507–1534.
- King, M. A. & Wadhwani S. (1990), Transmission of volatility between stock markets, The Review of Financial Studies, 3(1), 5–33.
- Li, Lingfeng. (2004). Macroeconomic Factors and the Correlation of Stock and Bond Returns. Yale School of Management, Yale School of Management Working Papers.
- Long, V. T. (2007), Empirical analysis of stock return volatility with regime change: The case of Vietnam Stock Market, Vietnam Development Forum-Tokyo Presentation.
- Rousseau, P. L. & Kim, J. H. (2007), Credit markets and the propagation of Korea’s 1997 financial crisis, Southern Economic Journal, 524–545.
- Samarakoon, L.P. (2011), Stock market interdependence, contagion, and the U.S. financial crisis: the case of emerging and frontier markets, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, 21, 724–742.
- Van, P. N. (2015), A Good News or Bad News Has Greater Impact on the Vietnamese Stock Market, Banking Academy of Vietnam, State Bank of Vietnam.