Abstract
This study analyzed livelihood activities and the factors influencing the participation of rural households in non-farm activities in the mountainous areas of Hue City. Data were collected from a survey of 146 households in two representative communes. The results showed that most households still rely on agroforestry, however, a growing trend toward livelihood diversification through engagement in non-farm activities was observed. Notably, households combining agroforestry with non-farm activities achieved the highest income levels (119.5 million VND per year), which were nearly four times higher than those relying solely on agroforestry, highlighting the important role of non-farm livelihoods in improving household income. The Logit model indicated that four factors were statistically significant, including household head ethnicity, educational attainment, number of working-age household members, and distance to the market. Based on these findings, it was recommended that vocational training aligned with market demand be strengthened and high–value-added non-farm livelihood activities be promoted through technical support, microcredit, and improved market linkages to enhance income for mountainous rural households.