ENGLISH AS MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION IN VIETNAM HIGHER EDUCATION: A STUDY OF STUDENTS’ ATTITUDINAL ASPECTS FROM A DISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE
PDF

Keywords

EMI
disciplinary perspective
language policy
attitudinal aspects
Vietnam higher education

Abstract

Although English used as a medium of instruction (EMI) has gained much research attention recently, there is still a dearth of studies that look into the differences and contrasts as construed by learners with different academic backgrounds. This study thus aims to investigate how students with different academic backgrounds (natural sciences versus social sciences) verbalize their attitude towards EMI and which challenges they face at a Vietnamese higher education institution. Two hundred and five questionnaires, accompanied with ten semi-structured interviews were used to obtain relevant research data. The results showed that the students in natural sciences (NS) and social sciences (SS) had generally accepted and embraced EMI as an essential part of their university education. However, some significant attitudinal differences were found between students studying NS and SS in terms of their belief (cognitive aspect), their perceived benefits (affective aspect), and their intentions and strategies (behavioral aspect) towards EMI. It was also noticed that the students encountered a variety of challenges in EMI. Finally, some implications will be drawn from the findings with an aim to enhance the quality of EMI delivery at tertiary level.

https://doi.org/10.26459/hueunijssh.v130i6D.6313
PDF

References

  1. Abidin, M. J. Z., Pour-Mohammadi, M., & Alzwari, H. (2012). EFL Students’ Attitudes towards Learning English Language: The Case of Libyan Secondary School Students. Asian Social Science, 8(2). doi:10.5539/ass.v8n2p119
  2. Aguilar, M., & Muñoz, C. (2014). The effect of proficiency on CLIL benefits in Engineering students in Spain: The effect of proficiency on CLIL benefits. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 24(1), 1-18. doi:10.1111/ijal.12006
  3. Ajzen, I. (2005). Attitudes, personality and behavior. Maidenhead etc.: Open University Press.
  4. Altbach, P. G., & Knight, J. (2007). The internationalization of higher education: Motivations and realities. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11, 3-4, pp.290-305.
  5. Belhiah, H., & Elhami, M. (2015). English as a medium of instruction in the Gulf: When students and teachers speak. Language Policy, 14(1), 3-23. doi:10.1007/s10993-014-9336-9
  6. Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2012). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (8th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson.
  7. Bukve, T. (2018). Students’ perspectives on English medium instruction: A survey-based study at a Norwegian university. Nordic Journal of English Studies 17(2), 215–242.
  8. Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
  9. Dang, T. K. A., Nguyen, H. T. M., & Le, T. T. T. (2013). The impacts of globalization on EFL teacher education through English as a medium of instruction: an example from Vietnam. Current Issues in Language Planning, 14(1), 52-72.
  10. Dearden, J. (2015). English as a medium of instruction – a growing global phenomenon. The British Council.
  11. Dearden, J., Akincioglu, M., & Macaro, E. (2016). EMI in Turkish Universities: Collaborative Planning and Student Voices. Retrieved from https://elt.oup.com/elt/catalogue/pdf/emi_research_report.pdf
  12. Do, M. H., & Le, T. D. L. (2017). Content Lecturers’ Challenges In EMI Classroom. Retrieved from https://en.calameo.com/read/004705816baf6389eed16
  13. Doiz, A., Lasagabaster, D., & Sierra, J. M. (2013). Future challenges for English-medium instruction at the tertiary level. In A. Doiz, D. Lasagabaster, & J. M. Sierra (Eds.), English-medium instruction at universities: Global challenges (pp.213–221). Canada: Multilingual Matters.Council.
  14. Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  15. Eshghinejad, S. (2016). EFL Students’ Attitudes toward Learning English LAnguage: The Case Study of Kashan University Students. Cogent Education, Vol. 3, Issue 1. 1-13.
  16. Garrett, P. (2010). Attitudes to Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  17. Hellekjaer, G. O. (2010). Assessing lecture comprehension in Norwegian English-medium higher education. Language use and language learning in CLIL classrooms, 7, 233.
  18. Hu, G., & Lei, J. (2014). English-medium instruction in Chinese higher education: a case study. Higher Education, 67(5), 551–567. doi.org/10.1007/s10734-013-9661-5
  19. Kuteeva, M., and J. Airey. 2014. “Disciplinary differences in the use of English in higher education: reflections on recent language policy developments.” Higher Education 67 (5):533-549. doi: 10.1007/s10734-013-9660-6.
  20. Latchanna, G., & Dagnew, A. (2009). The attitude of teachers towards the use of active learning methods. E-journal of All India Association for Educational Research, 21(1), http://www.ejournal.aiaer.net/vol21109/12.%20Latchana%20&%20Dagnew.pdf
  21. Le, T. T. N. (2017). Exploring students’ experiences of English medium instruction in Vietnamese universities. PhD thesis, The University of Newcastle, Australia. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1335817
  22. Le, V. C. (2007). A historical review of English language education in Vietnam. In Y. H. Choi & B.Spolsky (Eds.), English education in Asia: History and politics (pp. 168-180). Seoul, Korea: Asia TEFL.
  23. Le, V. C., & Barnard, R. (2009). Teaching grammar: A survey of teachers' attitudes in Vietnam. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 6(3), 245-273.
  24. Lin, A. M. Y. (2006). “Beyond Linguistic Purism in Language-in-education Policy and Practice: Exploring Bilingual Pedagogies in a Hong Kong Science Classroom”. Language and Education 20: 287–305. doi.org/10.2167/le643.0
  25. Lueg, K. (2015). English as a medium of instruction and internationalization at Danish universities: Status, perspectives, and implications for higher education executives. Communication & Language at Work, 4 (4), 53-73. Retrieved from http://ojs.statsbiblioteket.dk/index.php/claw/article/view/20772
  26. Madhavan, D., & McDonald, J. (2014). Webinar: English as Medium of Instruction (EMI): Philosophies and Policies.
  27. Manh, L. D. (2012). English as a medium of instruction at tertiary education system in Vietnam. The Journal of Asia TEFL, 9(2), 97-122.
  28. Marginson, S., Kaur, S., & Sawir, E. (2011). Regional dynamism and inequality. In S. Marginson, S. Kaur, & E. Sawir (Eds.), Higher Education in the Asia-Pacific (pp. 433–461). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
  29. Michael, A. H., & Graham, M. V. (2005). Social psychology. 4th ed. London, UK: Prentice-Hall.
  30. MOET. (2008). Đề án đào tạo theo chương trình tiên tiến tại một số trường đại học của Việt Nam giai đoạn 2008-2015 (Project document for implementing Advanced programs in some Vietnamese universities in the period 2008-2015). Retrieved from http://vanban.moet.gov.vn/resources/eduportal/uploads/2009/tt910_1505-QD-TTg.pdf
  31. Muthanna, A., & Miao, P. (2015). Chinese Students' Attitudes towards the Use of English-medium Instruction into the Curriculum Courses: A Case Study of a National Key University in Beijing. Journal of Education and Training Studies 3(5):59-69. doi: 10.11114/jets.v3i5.920
  32. Nguyen, A. T. (2009). The internationalization of higher education in Vietnam: National policies and institutional implementation at Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Waseda University Global COE Program, Global Institute for Asian Regional Integration.
  33. Nguyen, G., & Shillabeer, A. (2013). Issues in Transnational Higher Education Regulation in Vietnam. Proceedings of the International Conference on Managing the Asian Century, (pp. 637-644) Singapore: Springer Singapore. doi:10.1007/978-981-4560-61-0_71
  34. Nguyen, H. T., Walkinshaw, I., & Pham, H. H. (2017). EMI Programs in a Vietnamese University: Language, Pedagogy and Policy Issues. English Medium Instruction in Higher Education in Asia-Pacific, (pp. 37-52) Cham: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51976-0_3
  35. Oxford Learners’ Pocket Dictionary. (2011). Oxford University Press: Fourth Edition
  36. Pickens, J. (2005). Attiudes and Perceptions: Organizational Behavior in Health Care. Sudbury, Massachusetts, United States of America.
  37. Prah, K. K. (2005). Language of Instruction for Education, Development and African Emancipation. In: Brock-Utne, Birgit and Rodney, Hopson. (Eds.). Languages of Instruction for African Emancipation. Focus on Postcolonial Contexts and Considerations. Dar es Salaam & Cape Town: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers and The Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society (CASAS). 21-51.
  38. Probyn, M. J. (2006). “Language and Learning Science in South Africa.” Language and Education 20 (5): 391–414. doi:10.2167/le554.0
  39. Rahmadani, D. (2016). Students’ perception of English as a medium of instruction (EMI) in English classroom. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 6(2), 131. doi:10.23971/jefl.v6i2.432
  40. Reid, N. (2003). Getting started in pedagogical research in the physical sciences. LTSN Physical Sciences Centre, University of Hull, Hull. Retrieved from https://www.heacademy.ac.uk/sites/default/files/getting_started_ped_research. pdf
  41. Schmidt, J. C. (2002). Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. Pearson Education Limited (Third Edition), 33(5), pp. 391-403.
  42. Stankov, L., Morony, S., & Lee, Y. (2014). Confidence: The best non-cognitive predictor of academic achievement? Educational Psychology: An International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology, 34(1), 9-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2013.814194
  43. Tri, H. D., & Moskovsky, C. (2019). English-medium Instruction in Vietnamese Higher Education: a ROAD-MAPPING Perspective. Issues in Educational Research, 29(4), 1330-1347.
  44. Vang, N. X. (2003). English language teaching in Vietnam today: Policy, practice and constraints. In H. W. K. R. Y. L. Wong (Ed.), English language teaching in East Asia today (pp. 455-474). Singapore: Times Media Private Limited.
  45. Vietnam Government. (2008). Prime minister decision on the approval of the national initiative “Teaching and learning foreign languages in the national education system, period 2008 – 2020” (Decision). Retrieved from Vietnam Government Portal http://www.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/hethongvanban?class_id=1&_page=18&mode=detail&document_id=78437
  46. Visser, M. (2008). Learning under conditions of hierarchy and discipline: The case of the German Army (1939-1940). Learning Inquiry. 2, 127-137. doi.org/10.1007/s11519-008-0031-7
  47. Vu, N., & Burns, A. (2014). English as a medium of instruction: Challenges for Vietnamese tertiary lecturers. Journal of Asia TEFL 11(3):1-33
  48. Wray, A., & Bloomer, A. (2013). Projects in linguistics and language studies (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.
  49. Yen, H. P., & Thong, T. N. (2019). Students’ Perceptions Towards the Benefits and Drawbacks of EMI Classes. Retrieved from http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/elt/article/view/0/39159