Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu nhằm mục đích tuyển chọn các dòng vi khuẩn có khả năng hòa tan lân vô cơ được phân lập từ đất vùng rễ lúa hoang (Oryza rufipogon) tại Xã Gáo Giồng và Mỹ Hiệp (xã Mỹ Long cũ), Đồng Tháp, đánh giá ảnh hưởng của muối NaCl và pH môi trường đến khả năng hòa tan lân của các dòng vi khuẩn này, làm cơ sở cho việc định hướng ứng dụng trong điều kiện đất nhiễm mặn và biến động pH. Nghiên cứu đã phân lập được 34 chủng vi khuẩn hòa tan lân vô cơ (PSB) trên môi trường NBRIP bổ sung Ca₃(PO₄)₂, các chủng thể hiện sự đa dạng về hình thái khuẩn lạc. Khả năng hòa tan lân được xác định dựa trên chỉ số PSI ở các mốc 5, 10 và 15 ngày sau cấy, giá trị PSI dao động từ 1,2 đến 3,2 (ngày 10). Năm chủng tiềm năng gồm GG6.2, GG7.6, XQ4.1, XQ4.7 và XQ5.3 đạt hàm lượng lân hòa tan > 1.000 mg/L, được tuyển chọn để tiếp tục đánh giá ảnh hưởng của muối NaCl (0–1%) và pH (3–9). Kết quả cho thấy các chủng vẫn duy trì khả năng hòa tan khoảng 100 mg/L tại 1% NaCl sau 10 ngày, chứng tỏ có mức chịu mặn tương đối. Tuy nhiên, trong môi trường acid và kiềm, hiệu suất hòa tan lân giảm rõ rệt: ở pH 3, hàm lượng lân < 100 mg/L, thấp hơn 80% so với điều kiện trung tính, trong khi ở pH 8–9 sự suy giảm còn nghiêm trọng hơn. Điều này khẳng định hiệu quả hòa tan lân cao nhất ở pH trung tính. Giải trình tự gen 16S rRNA xác định GG6.2 và XQ4.7 thuộc Klebsiella, trong khi GG7.6, XQ4.1 và XQ5.3 thuộc Mammaliicoccus.
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