COMMUNICATION IN ENGLISH MEDIUM INSTRUCTION (EMI) CLASSES: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE USE OF REPETITION STRATEGY FOR MEANING CO-CONSTRUCTION
PDF

Keywords

Chương trình giảng dạy bằng Tiếng Anh (EMI), Tiếng Anh ngôn ngữ bắc cầu (ELF), chiến lược ngữ dụng, lặp lại, Việt Nam English as a medium instruction (EMI), English as a Lingua Franca (ELF), pragmatic strategies, repetition, Vietnam

Abstract

The rising popularity of English-Medium Instruction (EMI) programs around the world has brought people of different linguacultural backgrounds into the same classroom. In such diverse settings, English is employed as a lingua franca (ELF) for academic communication. However, given the disparate levels of English and the academically demanding nature of higher education, many challenges exist that might hinder comprehension and cooperation in the classroom. For this reason, this paper seeks to investigate the use of repetition as a pragmatic strategy to facilitate ELF communication in EMI classes. The data was gathered from six lectures of a Business Administration course taught by an American lecturer to a class of third-year Economics-majored students, all of whom were Vietnamese.  The resulting eighteen hours of classroom recordings data were then transcribed and analyzed qualitatively. Findings reveal that various types of repetition were employed to realize seven specific means: highlight key information, organize discourse, elaborate on problematic terms, enhance clariry, show solidarity and alignment, improve mutual intelligibility, and show encouragement. This has pedagogical implications for training programs of both pre-service and in-service EMI lecturers.

https://doi.org/10.26459/hueunijssh.v132i6B.6967
PDF

References

  1. Ngo, P. L. H. (2019). English-Medium Instruction (EMI) in Higher Education: a case study of an EMI program in Vietnam (Doctoral dissertation, University of Southampton).
  2. Tran, L. T., & Nguyen, H. T. (2018). Internationalization of higher education in Vietnam through English Medium Instruction (EMI): Practices, tensions and implications for local language policies. In Multilingual education yearbook 2018 (pp. 91-106). Springer, Cham.
  3. Nguyen, H. T., Walkinshaw, I., & Pham, H. H. (2017). EMI programs in a Vietnamese university: Language, pedagogy and policy issues. In English medium instruction in higher education in Asia-Pacific (pp. 37-52). Springer, Cham.
  4. Le, D. M. (2012). English as a medium of instruction at tertiary education system in Vietnam. Journal of Asia TEFL, 9(2).
  5. Galloway, N., Numajiri, T., & Rees, N. (2020). The ‘internationalisation’, or ‘Englishisation’, of higher education in East Asia. Higher Education, 80(3).
  6. Shohamy, E. (2012). 10. A Critical Perspective on the Use of English as a Medium of Instruction at Universities. In English-medium instruction at universities (pp. 196-210). Multilingual Matters.
  7. Siegel, J. (2020). Comprehension in English Medium Instruction (EMI) lectures: on the impact of lecturer L2 English use. Language Learning in Higher Education, 10(1), 73-91.
  8. Truong, L. T. T., Ngo, P. L. H., & Nguyen, M. X. N. C. (2020). Assessment practices in local and international EMI programmes: Perspectives of Vietnamese students. In Higher Education in Market-Oriented Socialist Vietnam (pp. 307-329). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
  9. Vo, T. D., Gleeson, M., & Starkey, L. (2022). The glocalisation of English-medium instruction examined through of the ROAD-MAPPING framework: A case study of teachers and students in a Vietnamese university. System, 108, 102856.
  10. Firth, A. (1996). The discursive accomplishment of normality: On ‘lingua franca’English and conversation analysis. Journal of pragmatics, 26(2), 237-259.
  11. House, J., & Gnutzmann, C. (1999). Teaching and learning English as a global language. Misunderstanding in intercultural communication: Interactions in English as-lingua-franca and the myth of mutual intelligibility, 73-89.
  12. Mauranen, A. (2003). The corpus of English as lingua franca in academic settings. TESOL quarterly, 37(3), 513-527.
  13. Seidlhofer, B. (2001). Closing a conceptual gap: The case for a description of English as a lingua franca. International journal of applied linguistics, 11(2), 133-158.
  14. Seidlhofer, B. (2003). A concept of International English and related issues: from'real English'to'realistic English'?.
  15. Smit, U. (2010). English as a lingua franca in higher education. In English as a Lingua Franca in Higher Education. De Gruyter Mouton.
  16. Suviniitty, J. (2012). Lectures in English as a lingua franca-Interactional features.
  17. Hynninen, N. (2013). Language regulation in English as a lingua franca: Exploring language-regulatory practices in academic spoken discourse. (MA Dissertation, University of Helsinki)
  18. Kecskes, I. (2019). English as a lingua franca: The pragmatic perspective. Cambridge University Press.
  19. Airey, J., Lauridsen, K. M., Räsänen, A., Salö, L., & Schwach, V. (2017). The expansion of English-medium instruction in the Nordic countries: Can top-down university language policies encourage bottom-up disciplinary literacy goals?. Higher education, 73(4), 561-576.
  20. Gundermann, S. (2014). English-medium instruction: Modelling the role of the native speaker in a lingua franca context (Doctoral dissertation, Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 2014).
  21. Beretta, A. (1991). Theory construction in SLA: Complementarity and opposition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 13(4), 493-511.
  22. Flowerdew, J. (1994). Research of relevance to second language lecture comprehension: An overview. Academic listening: Research perspectives, 7, 29.
  23. Mauranen, A. (2012). Exploring ELF: Academic English shaped by non-native speakers. Cambridge University Press.
  24. Lichtkoppler, J. (2007). ‘Male. Male.’―‘Male?’―‘The sex is male.’ The role of repetition in English as a lingua franca conversations. Vienna English Working Papers, 16(1), 39-65.
  25. Tannen, Deborah. 1989. Talking voices: repetition, dialogue, and imagery in conversational discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  26. Johnstone, Barbara et al. 1994. “Repetition in discourse: a dialogue”. In Johnstone, Barbara (ed.). Repetition in discourse: interdisciplinary perspectives. Volume 1. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing Corporation, 1-20.
  27. Anesa, P. (2020). Legal English as a lingua franca in academia: The strategic use of repetitions in lectures. In TOKEN. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10446/184665
  28. Mauranen, A. (2006). Signaling and preventing misunderstanding in English as lingua franca communication. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 177, 123-150.
  29. Watterson, M. (2008). Repair of non‐understanding in English in international communication. World Englishes, 27(3‐4), 378-406.
  30. Cogo, Alessia. 2009. Accommodating difference in ELF conversations: A study of pragmatic strategies. In Anna Mauranen & Elina Ranta (eds.), English as a lingua franca: Studies and findings, 254–273. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.
  31. Kaur, J. (2012). Saying it again: Enhancing clarity in English as a lingua franca (ELF) talk through self-repetition. Text & Talk, 32(5), 593-613.
  32. Björkman, B. (2014). An analysis of polyadic English as a lingua franca (ELF) speech: A communicative strategies framework. Journal of Pragmatics, 66, 122-138.
  33. Lee, K. H. (2016). Repetition for mutual understanding: The case of ELF communication. 영어학, 16(1), 1-28.
  34. Ji, K. (2022). Pragmatic strategies of Asian ELF users in institutional settings. In Pragmatics in English as a Lingua Franca (pp. 127-146). De Gruyter Mouton.
  35. Björkman, B. (2010). So you think you can ELF: English as a lingua franca as the medium of instruction. HERMES-Journal of Language and Communication in Business, (45), 77-96.
  36. Matsumoto, Y. (2018). “Because We Are Peers, We Actually Understand”: Third‐Party Participant Assistance in English as a Lingua Franca Classroom Interactions. Tesol QUARTERLY, 52(4), 845-876.
  37. Lee, K. (2013). Accommodation in ELF communication among East Asian speakers of English (Doctoral dissertation, University of Southampton).
  38. Ting, S. P., Cogo, A., & Johnson, C. (2022). Repetition and rephrasing in English as a lingua franca medical consultation in Hong Kong. In M. Gregory Tweedie & Robert C. Johnson (eds.) Perspectives on medical English as a lingua franca. Cambridge Scholars Publishing (pp. 1-26).
  39. Röde, S. (2018). English as a lingua franca in political talk: The use of self-repair and repetition as clarification strategies in political interviews with Jean-Claude Juncker.
  40. Jenkins, J. (2014). Global Englishes: A resource book for students. Routledge.