Investment, restructuring and productivity dynamics in Vietnamese agriculture during the period 2020-2024

Abstract

This article analyzes the relationship between investment, restructuring, and productivity dynamics in Vietnamese agriculture during 2020–2024, in a context where investment in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors increased in absolute terms, while their conversion into productivity, value added, and competitiveness remained strongly dependent on the quality of resource allocation. Based on secondary data and trend analysis, the study shows that agricultural growth has increasingly relied on labor quality, technological innovation, production reorganization, and a shift toward higher value-added segments, rather than on input expansion. Agriculture continues to serve as a pillar of the economy, maintaining stable growth and strong export performance despite its declining share in GDP. However, constraints related to land, credit, logistics, human resources, and innovation pose significant challenges to sustainable development. The article emphasizes the need to shift from more investment to more effective investment, along with institutional reform and the strengthening of value chain capacity.