Selection and evaluation of the effects of NaCl and pH on the inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from the wild rice rhizosphere in Dong Thap province
Vol. 135 No. 1S-1 (2026), Special Issue: IFB 2025
Vol. 135 No. 1S-1 (2026)

Selection and evaluation of the effects of NaCl and pH on the inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from the wild rice rhizosphere in Dong Thap province

Special Issue: IFB 2025
https://doi.org/10.26459/hueunijns.v135i1S-1.8054
Published 2026-06-10
Hong Xuyen Nguyen
Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Cantho, Vietnam
Tan Khang Do
Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Cantho, Vietnam
Tran Thi Giang*
Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Cantho, Vietnam
PDF (Vietnamese)

Keywords

Chịu mặn
Chịu phèn
Chỉ số hòa tan lân (PSI)
Lúa hoang
Vi khuẩn hòa tan lân (PSB) Acid tolerance
Phosphate Solubilization Index (PSI)
Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB)
Salt tolerance
Wild rice

How to Cite

1.
Nguyễn HX, Đỗ TK, Trần TG. Selection and evaluation of the effects of NaCl and pH on the inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from the wild rice rhizosphere in Dong Thap province. hueuni-jns [Internet]. 2026Jun.10 [cited 2026Jun.12];135(1S-1):29-44. Available from: https://jos.hueuni.edu.vn/index.php/hujos-ns/article/view/8054
ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver

Download Citation

Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Abstract

This study aimed to screen and select inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) isolated from the rhizosphere soil of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) collected in Gao Giong commune and My Hiep commune, Dong Thap province, Vietnam, and to evaluate the effects of salinity and pH on their phosphate-solubilizing capacity. A total of 34 PSB isolates were obtained on NBRIP medium supplemented with Ca₃(PO₄)₂, exhibiting considerable diversity in colony morphology. Phosphate solubilization was assessed using the phosphate solubilization index (PSI) at 5, 10, and 15 days after inoculation, with PSI values ranging from 1.2 to 3.2 at day 10. Five promising isolates (GG6.2, GG7.6, XQ4.1, XQ4.7, and XQ5.3) producing more than 1,000 mg/L of soluble phosphate were selected for further evaluation under different NaCl concentrations (0–1%) and pH levels (3–9). The selected isolates maintained phosphate solubilization of approximately 100 mg/L at 1% NaCl after 10 days, indicating moderate salt tolerance. In contrast, phosphate-solubilizing efficiency markedly declined under acidic and alkaline conditions; soluble phosphate concentrations were below 100 mg/L at pH 3 and decreased more severely at pH 8–9 compared with neutral pH. These results highlight that neutral pH is optimal for phosphate solubilization by the selected isolates. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, isolates GG6.2 and XQ4.7 were identified as Klebsiella, while GG7.6, XQ4.1, and XQ5.3 belonged to the genus Mammaliicoccus.

https://doi.org/10.26459/hueunijns.v135i1S-1.8054
PDF (Vietnamese)

References

  1. Kiprotich K, Muema E, Wekesa C, Ndombi T, Muoma J, Omayio D, et al. Unveiling the roles, mechanisms and prospects of soil microbial communities in sustainable agriculture. Discover Soil. 2025;2(1):10.
  2. Mehnaz S, Kowalik T, Reynolds B, Lazarovits G. Growth promoting effects of corn (Zea mays) bacterial isolates under greenhouse and field conditions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2010;42(10):1848-56.
  3. Alori ET, Babalola OO, Prigent-Combaret C. Impacts of microbial inoculants on the growth and yield of maize plant. Open Agric J. 2019;13(1):1-8.
  4. Dhillon J, Torres G, Driver E, Figueiredo B, Raun WR. World Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Cereal Crops. Agronomy Journal. 2017;109(4):1670-7.
  5. Kumar S, Diksha, Sindhu SS, Kumar R. Harnessing phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms for mitigation of nutritional and environmental stresses, and sustainable crop production. Planta. 2025;261(5):95.
  6. Torres-Cuesta D, Mora-Motta D, Chavarro-Bermeo JP, Olaya-Montes A, Vargas-Garcia C, Bonilla R, et al. Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria with Low-Solubility Fertilizer Improve Soil P Availability and Yield of Kikuyu Grass. Microorganisms. 2023;11(7).
  7. Lei Y, Kuai Y, Guo M, Zhang H, Yuan Y, Hong H. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms for soil health and ecosystem sustainability: a forty-year scientometric analysis (1984–2024). Frontiers in Microbiology. 2025;Volume 16 - 2025.
  8. Lam DT, Buu BC, Lang NT, Toriyama K, Nakamura I, Ishikawa R. Genetic diversity among perennial wild rice Oryza rufipogon Griff., in the Mekong Delta. Ecology and Evolution. 2019;9(5):2964-77.
  9. Barillot CDC, Sarde C-O, Bert V, Tarnaud E, Cochet N. A standardized method for the sampling of rhizosphere and rhizoplan soil bacteria associated to a herbaceous root system. Annals of Microbiology. 2013;63(2):471-6.
  10. Nautiyal CS. An efficient microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 1999;170(1):265-70.
  11. Lapage SP, Shelton JE, Mitchell TG, Mackenzie AR. Chapter II Culture Collections and the Preservation of Bacteria. In: Norris JR, Ribbons DW, editors. Methods in Microbiology. Academic Press; 1970. p. 135-228.
  12. Cappuccino JG, Welsh C. Provide new learning pathways to understand the why behind the science. London: Pearson; 2020.
  13. Teles EAP, Xavier JF, Arcênio FS, Amaya RL, Gonçalves JVS, Rouws LFM, et al. Characterization and evaluation of potential halotolerant phosphate solubilizing bacteria from Salicornia fruticosa rhizosphere. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2024;Volume 14 - 2023.
  14. Afzal A, Bano A. Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria improve the yield and phosphorus uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 2008;10(1):85–88.
  15. Kirui CK, Njeru EM, Runo S. Diversity and phosphate solubilization efficiency of phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from semi-arid agroecosystems of eastern Kenya. Microbiology Insights. 2022;15:1-12.
  16. Mahdi I, Fahsi N, Hafidi M, Allaoui A, Biskri L. Plant growth enhancement using rhizospheric halotolerant phosphate solubilizing bacterium Bacillus licheniformis QA1 and Enterobacter asburiae QF11 isolated from Chenopodium quinoa willd. Microorganisms. 2020;8(6):1–21.
  17. Chen YP, Rekha PD, Arun AB, Shen FT, Lai WA, Young CC. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities. Applied Soil Ecology. 2006;34(1):33-41.
  18. Murphy J, Riley JP. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta. 1962;27:31-6.
  19. Suleimanova A, Bulmakova D, Sokolnikova L, Egorova E, Itkina D, Kuzminova O, et al. Phosphate solubilization and plant growth promotion by Pantoea brenneri soil isolates. Microorganisms. 2023;11(5):1136.
  20. Stanton BG, Robbert AS, Desh PSV. Plant molecular biology manual. Dordrecht: Springer Dordrecht; 2000.
  21. de Souza R, Ambrosini A, Passaglia LMP. Plant growth-promoting bacteria as inoculants in agricultural soils. Genetics and Molecular Biology. 2015;38(4):401-419.
  22. Zaidi A, Khan MS, Ahemad M, Oves M, Wani PA. Recent Advances in Plant Growth Promotion by Phosphate-Solubilizing Microbes. In: Khan MS, Zaidi A, Musarrat J, editors. Microbial Strategies for Crop Improvement. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2009. p. 23-50.
  23. Anuroopa N, Anshu BR, Ranadev P, Ashwin R, Bagyaraj DJ. Pseudomonas species in soil as a natural resource for plant growth promotion and biocontrol characteristics - an overview. Madras Agricultural Journal. 2021;108:10-12.
  24. Rashid MI, Mujawar LH, Shahzad T, Almeelbi T, Ismail IMI, Oves M. Bacteria and fungi can contribute to nutrients bioavailability and aggregate formation in degraded soils. Microbiol Res. 2016;183:26-41.
  25. Richardson AE, Simpson RJ. Soil microorganisms mediating phosphorus availability. Plant Physiol. 2011;156(3):989-996.
  26. Rodríguez H, Fraga R. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. Biotechnol Adv. 1999;17(4-5):319-339.
  27. Sarker A, Talukder NM, Islam MT. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria promote growth and enhance nutrient uptake by wheat. Plant Sci Today. 2014;1(2):86-93.
  28. Zenelt W, Pruciak-Nowak A, Krawczyk K. Plant growth promotion of crops using the phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains derived from insects. J Plant Prot Res. 2024;64(3):321-335.
  29. Sharma SB, Sayyed RZ, Trivedi MH, Gobi TA. Algaemia due to Prototheca wickerhamii in a patient with myasthenia gravis. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35(2):587.
  30. Singh H, Reddy MS. Effect of inoculation with phosphate solubilizing fungus on growth and nutrient uptake of wheat and maize plants fertilized with rock phosphate in alkaline soils. Eur J Soil Biol. 2011;47(1):30-34.
  31. Fenta L, Assefa F. Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from tomato (Solanum L.) rhizosphere and their effect on growth and phosphorus uptake of the host plant under green house experiment. Int J Adv Res. 2017;5(2):1-49.
  32. Gizaw B, Tsegaye Z, Genene T, Endegena A, Wassie M, Abatenh E, et al. Phosphate solubilizing fungi isolated and characterized from Teff rhizosphere soil collected from North Showa zone, Ethiopia. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2017;11(17):687-696.
  33. Jiang H, Qi P, Wang T, Wang M, Chen M, Chen N, et al. Isolation and characterization of halotolerant phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms from saline soils. 3 Biotech. 2018;8(11):461.
  34. Chaiharn M, Pathom-Aree W, Sujada N, Lumyong S. Characterization of phosphate solubilizing Streptomyces as a biofertilizer. Chiang Mai J Sci. 2019;45(2):701-716.
  35. Zhang C, Chen H, Dai Y, Chen Y, Tian Y, Huo Z. Isolation and screening of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria from saline alkali soil and their potential for Pb pollution remediation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023;11:1146313.
  36. Yang Z, Liu Z, Zhao F, Yu L, Yang W, Si M, et al. Organic acid, phosphate, sulfate and ammonium co-metabolism releasing insoluble phosphate by Klebsiella aerogenes to simultaneously stabilize lead and cadmium. J Hazard Mater. 2022;443:130378.
  37. Soares AS, Nascimento VL, de Oliveira EE, Jumbo VL, dos Santos GR, Queiroz LL, et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus isolated from Brazilian Cerrado soil act as phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Curr Microbiol. 2023;80(5):146.
  38. Maheswar U, Sathiyavani G. Solubilization of phosphate by Bacillus sps., from groundnut rhizosphere (Arachis hypogaea L). J Chem Pharm Res. 2012;4(8):4007-4011.
  39. Zhou X, Yang Q, Long K, Tang X, Luo L, Wu Z, et al. Effect of Bacillus cereus mutant strain S458-M on active phosphorus and crucian carp in culture systems. Aquaculture. 2023;573:739627.
  40. Kang SM, Khan MA, Hamayun M, Kim LR, Kwon EH, Kang YS, et al. Phosphate-solubilizing Enterobacter ludwigii AFFR02 and Bacillus megaterium Mj1212 rescues alfalfa’s growth under post-drought stress. Agriculture. 2021;11(6):549.
  41. Adhikari A, Lee KE, Khan MA, Kang SM, Adhikari B, Imran M, et al. Effect of silicate and phosphate solubilizing rhizobacterium Enterobacter ludwigii GAK2 on Oryza sativa L. under cadmium stress. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020;30(1):118-126.
  42. Li KS, Zeghbroeck V, Liu JQ, Zhang S. Isolating and characterizing phosphorus solubilizing bacteria from rhizospheres of native plants grown in calcareous soils. Front Environ Sci. 2021;9:795453.
  43. Li Q, Zhang Q, Liao S, Xing D, Xiao Y, Zhou D, et al. Mechanism of lead adsorption by a Bacillus cereus strain with indole-3-acetic acid secretion and inorganic phosphorus dissolution functions. BMC Microbiol. 2023;23(1).
  44. Kochel-Karakulska J, Maślanko M, Woroszyło M, Szewczuk M, Grygorcewicz B, Fijałkowski K. Species diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of the nasal Staphylococcal and Mammaliicoccal biota of reindeer. BMC Vet Res. 2025;21(1):394.
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2026 Array